ABSTRACT
Although the combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the main methods of cancer treatment, it still fails to solve certain tumors, especially metastatic tumors. With the in-depth study of tumorigenesis and development mechanism, and the exploration and clinical application of tumor immunotherapy, the survival period of patients with malignant tumors has been significantly prolonged. Tumor immunotherapy has become an effective anti-tumor method by activating the body′s own immune system to achieve tumor suppression. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy has a significant effect and has become a feasible solution for cancer treatment. The rationally designed nanomedicines can effectively combine chemical drugs and immunological preparations, and have become an effective delivery carrier basis and treatment means for clinically targeting tumor tissues, synergistic immune mechanisms to kill tumor cells, and treating tumors. In this paper, the types of multifunctional nanomedicines used in chemotherapy and various immunotherapies in recent years and their advantages in cancer therapy were reviewed.
ABSTRACT
Although the combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the main methods of cancer treatment, it still fails to solve certain tumors, especially metastatic tumors. With the in-depth study of tumorigenesis and development mechanism, and the exploration and clinical application of tumor immunotherapy, the survival period of patients with malignant tumors has been significantly prolonged. Tumor immunotherapy has become an effective anti-tumor method by activating the body's own immune system to achieve tumor suppression. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy has a significant effect and has become a feasible solution for cancer treatment. The rationally designed nanomedicines can effectively combine chemical drugs and immunological preparations, and have become an effective delivery carrier basis and treatment means for clinically targeting tumor tissues, synergistic immune mechanisms to kill tumor cells, and treating tumors. In this paper, the types of multifunctional nanomedicines used in chemotherapy and various immunotherapies in recent years and their advantages in cancer therapy were reviewed.
ABSTRACT
The effects of atomic oxygen radical anion (O-) on the inactivation and morphological changes ofEscherichia coli (E. coli)on the surface of bio-indicator carrier were investigated. The O- flux was generated from a novel developed O- generator where the Oinactivation ofE. coli was sensitive to the O- intensity and the cell mortality was enhanced to more than 3-logarithm reduction with the exposure to 1.5 mA/cm2 O- flux for 120 min. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observations showed that O- flux destroyed cellular structures. Lipid peroxidation reaction induced by atomic oxygen radical anion for E. coli cells was also observed using product of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index. The concentration of MDA increased to 1.2 μmol/g(dry weight) of cells when E. coli suspension (5.6×107 cfu/ml) was treated by the O- flux (1.5 μA/cm2) for 15 min. The findings revealed that the atomic oxygen radical anions, with strong oxidation power, was effective in inactivating E. coli and caused lipid peroxidation reaction at the first time,which would be potential useful to develop a novel approach for the microbial decontamination and for the study on the interactions between microorganisms and O-.